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Straight-line depreciation calculator
Estimate the annual and monthly straight-line depreciation on a rental building over its recovery period. Straight-line only — an estimate, not tax advice.
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Estimate only — not tax advice.
The short answer
Last updated: July 2026
Straight-line depreciation spreads a rental building’s basis (its cost excluding non-depreciable land) evenly across its recovery period — 27.5 years for residential rental property or 39 years for commercial. Annual depreciation is the building basis ÷ the recovery period. This is a straight-line estimate only; it excludes recapture, first-year conventions, and land rules — not tax advice.
Straight-line depreciation calculator
Estimate straight-line depreciation.
Divide the building's basis — the value excluding non-depreciable land — evenly across the recovery period for an annual and monthly straight-line estimate.
Building basis (excludes land)
$
The depreciable cost of the structure only — land isn't depreciable.
Land value (optional)
$
For reference only — land is excluded from depreciation. Allocating price between land and building has real tax consequences; confirm the split with a CPA.
Recovery period
27.5 yrs — residential
39 yrs — commercial
Input-driven result
Your inputs
Formula
Result below
Annual depreciation
$10,909
$300,000 building basis ÷ 27.5 years.
Monthly depreciation
$909
Annual depreciation ÷ 12.
Estimate based on your inputs. Not a promise of results.
Estimate only — not tax advice. Straight-line depreciation ONLY. It does not compute the first-year convention, land-allocation rules, bonus/§179, or depreciation recapture (§1250/§1245) on a sale — all of which have real tax consequences. Confirm with a CPA. Aptoria is not a tax advisor.
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How it works
How this tool works.
Depreciation lets a landlord recover the cost of a rental building over time. Under the straight-line method, you divide the building’s basis — its value excluding the land, which isn’t depreciable — evenly across the recovery period the tax rules assign to the property type. It’s one of the larger paper deductions a rental produces.
Enter the building basis (and, optionally, the land value so you can see the split), pick the recovery period, and this calculator estimates the annual and monthly straight-line depreciation. It computes straight-line only — it does not calculate recapture, §1250, or bonus depreciation, and it is an estimate, not tax advice.
1
Enter the building’s basis — its cost excluding the land. If it’s easier, enter total value and land value and the tool shows the depreciable building portion.
2
Choose the recovery period: 27.5 years for residential rental property, or 39 years for commercial — the two standard periods for the straight-line method.
3
The tool divides the building basis evenly across the recovery period for the annual figure, then divides by 12 for the monthly figure.
4
This is a straight-line estimate only. It does not handle the first-year mid-month convention, land allocation rules, recapture on sale, or bonus/§179 — all of which have real tax consequences a CPA should confirm.
Make the result useful
Separate a planning schedule from a tax return
Straight-line depreciation spreads an allocated basis evenly over a recovery period. The hard part is not the division; it is determining eligible basis, land allocation, placed-in-service date, and the rules that apply to the property.
Use this tool to understand the math, then rely on tax records and a professional for the actual return.
Worked example
If an allocated depreciable basis is $220,000 over 27.5 years, simple annual straight-line math is $8,000 before tax conventions and timing rules.
Can I depreciate land?
Land treatment differs; confirm allocation and tax treatment with a qualified professional.
Answers
Questions, answered plainly.
Why isn’t land included in depreciation?
Because land doesn’t wear out — the tax rules treat it as non-depreciable. Only the building (and certain improvements) can be depreciated, so you allocate the purchase price between land and building and depreciate just the building portion. Getting that split right matters, and it’s a common place to seek a CPA’s help.
What recovery period should I use?
Residential rental property generally uses 27.5 years and commercial property 39 years under the straight-line method. This calculator lets you pick either. The correct period depends on how the property is classified — confirm it for your situation rather than guessing.
Does this calculate depreciation recapture when I sell?
No — and that’s deliberate. Recapture (including §1250 and, for some components, §1245) can create a real tax bill when you sell, and it’s beyond a simple straight-line estimate. This tool computes the annual straight-line deduction only; talk to a CPA about recapture before you sell.
Is this number ready to put on my tax return?
Treat it as an estimate, not a filing figure. Real depreciation involves the placed-in-service date, a first-year convention, correct land allocation, and other rules this tool doesn’t model. It’s here to help you understand the mechanics — confirm the actual numbers with your CPA.
Estimate only — not tax advice. This computes straight-line depreciation only. Depreciation, recapture, and land allocation have real tax consequences; confirm with a CPA. Aptoria is not a tax advisor.
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